1)	
Books from Participants in the 
Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project,
 1983-1999

The main books that have emerged from the FAUI Project are listed below, several with a brief description. Past FAUI Newsletters include more detail, listing papers, journal articles, and country reports in original languages not found here.

The University of Chicago

The main books that have emerged from the FAUI Project are listed below, several with a brief description. The FAUI Newsletters include more detail, listing papers, journal articles, and country reports in original languages not found here. 

Terry Nichols Clark, ed., Urban Policy Analysis, Sage, 1981.  The background hypotheses and methodological blueprint informing the FAUI Project, emerging from a conference supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.  The NSF had invited us to develop an ongoing national urban project like the National Election Study, but the early Reagan years led instead to cutbacks. Elinor Ostrom offered to conduct our proposed survey for all municipalities in her state of Indiana at local expense, if others would do the same in their regions.  The same model has since spread to 35 countries and over 8,000 cities. The data are now pooled, combining many national surveys, and available as SPSS data files.

2)	Terry Nichols Clark, Gerd‑Michael Hellstern, Guido Martinotti, eds., Urban Innovations as Response to Urban Fiscal Strain. Berlin: Europaesche Verlag, l985. 236pp.  Report from our first international FAUI conference at the University of Paris, Nanterre.

3)	T.N. Clark, G.E. DeSeve, and J.C. Johnson, Financial Handbook for Mayors and City Managers,  2nd edition (New York:  Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, 1985), 239 pp. Handbook of checklists and management hints that emerged from  seminars conducted with U.S. mayors and city managers.

4)	Adam Bickford, Terry Nichols Clark, and Alexander Ritchie. 1986. FA for PC - Hints and Help with SPSS/PC+ for Participants in the Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project. Chicago: FAUI Project. How to use SPSS with the FAUI data.

5)	Poul-Erik Mouritzen, ed., Managing Cities in Austerity (Sage 1992). Mouritzen actively led a FAUI team on the first international study of urban fiscal strain, which emerged only after dozens of conferences and meetings of national experts. Poul-Erik has since formed a new international survey of administrators. The UDITE survey has been meeting actively in Europe for several years and plans several volumes.

6)	Ed B. Prantilla, Ramon C. Bacani and Choong Yong Ahn, Problems and Strategies of Financing Subnational Development: The Case of the Philippines and the Republic of Korea, 70 pp., March 1986. Abbreviated Version published in Regional Development Dialogue, Vol. 7, No. 2, Autumn 1986.

7)	Poul-Erik Mouritzen  and Kurt Nielsen.  A volume of national urban tables, the Handbook of Urban Data. Odense: Danish Data Archives, University of Odense, 1988. Data, tables, and associated floppy disks are available for national urban fiscal and census data, including most of Europe, US, Japan.

8)	Susan Clarke, Dept. of Political Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, edited the first comparative international volume in our Sage Urban Innovation Series: Urban Innovation and Autonomy:  The Political Implications of Policy Change, 1989.  Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Chapters by Terry Nichols Clark, Lynn M. Appleton, Harald Baldersheim, Sissel Hovik, Helge O. Larsen, Lawrence Rose, Nils Aarsaether, Poul Erik Mouritzen, Ari Ylonen, Anton Kruekels, Tejo Spit, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, Jean Yves-Nevers, Richard Balme, Susan Clarke. Appendix: Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project Questionnaires. The volume grows out of three presentations that Susan made at international FAUI conferences in Europe, outlining a framework for international urban analysis with Project data.  Each grew successively, leading to a quite detailed set of suggestions for contributors to follow in preparing national papers, focusing on issues of local autonomy, fiscal and administrative supports, constraints on cities from their national governments, and how these can be captured in assessing local policy strategies.

9)	Yoshiaki Kobayashi, Dept. of Political Science, Keio University, Tokyo and his colleagues made dramatic progress. They collected data in a few months in the Spring of 1987. They did their data analyses over their summer "vacation", and by December 87 had published a book using their project data -- filled with interesting tables.  The cover is dramatic, but unfortunately for Westerners, the title and text are in Japanese, which Western word processors do not print.. The ISBN is 4-16056-6 C1030, 287pp.
10)	Jeanne Becquart-Leclercq, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, Jean-Yves Nevers, Austerite et Innovation Locale, Les Strategies Politico-Financieres des Municipalites Urbaines Dans La Crise, Tome 1, April 1987, 110 pp.

11)	Jeanne Becquart-Leclercq, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, Jean Yves Nevers, Austerite et  Innovation Locale, Les Strategies Politico-Financieres des Municipalites Urbaines Dans La Crise, Tome 2, April 1987, 291 pp.

12)	William J. Pammer Jr., Managing Fiscal Strain in Major American Cities.  New York: Greenwood Press, 1990, 133pp. This is a valuable report on basic findings of the US FAUI survey, emphasizing fiscal strain and related policy solutions. It lists the 33 strategies, including factor analyses, and regressions of their sources. Its focus is indicated in its subtitle: Understanding Retrenchment in the Public Sector. 

13)	Terry Nichols Clark, ed. Monitoring Local Governments. Dubuque: Kendall-Hunt 1990, Papers by Katherine R. Bateman, James L. Chan, Richard A. Ciccarone, Terry Nichols Clark, Steven D. Gold, Cadmus M. Hicks, Hai D. Hoang, George Palumbo, Seymour Sacks,  Earl R. Wilson, Henry S. Wulf. 223 pp. Focuses on developing quantitative indicators for monitoring the fiscal and related management problems of local governments in the US. Esp. for federal and state agencies concerned with monitoring governments, investors, or local officials concerned with how others are monitoring them. Papers by leading persons analyzing debt, using personal computers and staff at monitoring agencies. 

14)	Harald Baldersheim, ed. Ledelse Og Innovasjon I Kommunene. Bergen: LOS/TANO, 1990. This is the main Norwegian report of the FAUI Project with papers from Nils Aarsaether, Helge Larsen, Sissel Hovik, Jonny Holbek, and Larry Rose. In Norwegian, but many maps and tables are clear. 

15)	Special issue of Revista Critica de Ceincias Sociaias 25/26, December 1988, edited by Fernando Ruivo and Aba Veneza, including papers by Ruivo, Juan Mozzicafreddo, Isabel Guerra, and others. Fernando Ruivo, Local e politica em Portugal, Revista Critica de Ciencias Sociaias, ai 30 (June 1990), pp. 75-95. FAUI work in Portuguese.

16)	Book on Local Power (Poder Local). English ms. available from Juan Mozzicafreddo, CIES, Ave das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon, Portugal, Local Power, Urban Innovation and Fiscal Austerity. 47pp. typescript. Reports basic social background characteristics of mayors, new austerity and management patterns.

17)	Jerzy Bartkowski, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Pawel Swianiewicz, Strategie wladz lokalnych. Warsaw: Uniwersytet Warszawsky, Instytut Gospodarki Przestrzennej, 21, 1990. 210 pp., First Reports on the Polish FAUI Project. 

18)	Pawel Swianiewicz, Spoleczno-ekonomiczna typologia miast i gmin w Polsce. Warszawa 1989. 142pp. These two reports review the strategies using in Polish communities, and analyze where and why they vary. One major finding is that more innovative communities are predominantly in Polish regions that were part of the German empire; medium innovative were those part of the Austro-Hungarian empire; least were those that were part of Russia. They identify this with a sense of autonomy among citizens and local leaders, some of whom show entrepreneurship, versus those in former Russian areas who are more willing to accept whatever comes from the higher bureaucracy. The hand of history. Lots of graphics and maps. 

19)	Jeanne Becqart-Leclercq, Pression fiscal locale et forces sociales. Lille: University de Lille II, 1989. aprx. 240 pp. A report on the national French FAUI project and more detail from surveys and case studies of communes in the North of France. Includes dozens of rich tables. Shows major differences by party. More conservative party mayors are far more likely to favor privatization strategies, contracting out, etc. (No such result in the US.)

20)	Richard Balme, Politiques Budgetaires et Leadership Municipale, Contribution au project Austerite Fiscal et Innovation Urbaine, CERVEL-IEP, December 1989, Vol 1, 239 pp.; Vol. 2, 107 pp. Includes an overview of the French FAUI Project, comparative analysis of municipal budgetary politics, explanation of government growth, local leadership, the politics of municipal spending, leadership and innovation, New Mayors in France and the US, elected local officials and preferences in five countries. Vol. 2 includes the full questionnaires, codebooks, data files, and related documentation on the French FAUI survey.

21)	Dele Olowu, African Local Governments as Instruments of Economic and Social Development, IULA Publication 1415, 88pp. IULA 41, Wassennaarseweg 2596 CG The Hague, Netherlands. Remarkable synthesis of materials on African local governments.

22)	George Boyne, Constraints, Choices, and Public Policies. Research in Urban Policy, Vol. 6. Greenwich, CT and London: JAI Press, 1996. George Boyne’s very useful book is on how to do public policy output studies.  He does a thoughtful review/critique of some of the main theories such as the importance of parties, organized groups and bureaucrats and discusses and critiques how the impacts of each of these have been tested in most past comparative urban research.  He goes on to show how to model these tests more precisely with specific examples. Most examples are British, but the core ideas hold for most countries of the world.

23)	Coping With Urban Austerity, Research in Urban Policy. (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1985), Vol. 1, edited by T.N. Clark. Papers by Paul Erik Mouritzen, Carl‑Johan Skovsgaard, Paul R. Eberts, Janet M. Kelly, Terry  Nichols Clark, James N. Danzinger, William Lyons, Susan Clarke, Michael Rich, Ronald Picur, Anthony Pascal, Mark David Menchik, Dennis De Tray, Judith Fernandez, Michael Caggiano, Kevin Neels, James Stucker, Norman Walzer, Roger L. Kemp, Bill Morris, Aaron Wildavsky, Helen F. Ladd, Julie Boatright Wilson, Tom W. Smith, David Knoke, Susan B. Hansen, George Tolley, Terrence Smith, Kenneth Milbradt, Larry Anderson, Paul E. Peterson, Kenneth K. Wong, Manfred Konukiewitz, Hellmut Wollmann, Robert Stein, John J. Kirlin. 393pp. 

24)	Research in Urban Policy:  Fiscal Austerity and Urban Management, Vol. 2, Part A (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986), edited by T.N. Clark. Papers by Lynn M. Appleton, Bruce A. Williams, Paul Schumaker, John M. Bolland, Richard C. Feiock, Roger Friedland, Alan L. Saltzstein, Raphe Sonenshein, Irving Ostrow, Jean-Claude Thoenig, Stephen L. Schechter, Barry G. Rabe, Robert M. Stein, Keith E. Hamm, Brett W. Hawkins, Mary Ann E. Steger, Jean Trimble, John Allen Williams, Robert Y. Shapiro, Harald Baldersheim, Mark Baldassare, Richard Cole, James Lightbody, Poul Erik Mouritzen, Betty Jane Narver, Peter Jambrek, Edward C. Page, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot. 240 pp. 

25)	Research in Urban Policy: Managing Cities, Vol. 2, Part B (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1986), edited by T.N. Clark. Papers by Bryan D. Jones, Warren Jones, Norman Walzer, Anthony Pascal, Kevin F. McCarthy, William Lyons, Michael R. Fitzgerald, David R. Morgan, William J. Pammer, Jr., Cal Clark, B. Oliver Walter, Bill Morris, John P. Ross, William Vickrey, E.S. Savas, William J. Grimshaw, Dorothy Tillman, Jane M. Byrne, Harold Washington, Elizabeth L. Hollander, Ronald D. Picur, Thomas K. Lindsay, Stephen C. Baker, Paul Kleppner, William J. Grimshaw, Gerd-Michael Hellstern. 250 pp. 

26)	Research in Urban Policy: A Research Annual (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1988), Vol. 3, edited by T.N. Clark, William Lyons, and Michael R. Fitzgerald. Papers by Mark Baldasarre, Robert Durant, William Lyons, Michael Fitzgerald, David R. Morgan, Lynn Appleton, Brett Hawkins, Richard Higgins, Jeffrey Brudney, Michael Parkinson, Lynne Louise Bernier, Richard Bingham, Jesse Marquette, Stephen Brooks, Penny Marquette and Kenneth Wong. 

27)	Comparing Cities Across Nations: How?  Harald Baldersheim, Terry Nichols Clark, Hakan Magnusson. Work in progress on international comparisons of the Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project.  Includes Post-Bologna memos.  Recorded by Terry Nichols Clark at Bologna, Italy conference of the FAUI Project, April 1988. Includes revisions of Bergen task memos;  Pooling of data from national teams for FAUI: Suggested Procedures; Draft Outline for Politics Section of P.E. Mouritzen edited book.  75 pp.

28)	Terry Nichols Clark, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, Jean-Yves Nevers, Jeanne Becquart-Leclercq,  L'innovation municipale a l'epreuve de l'austerite budgetaire.  Report to the Plan Urban from CERVEL, IEP de Bordeaux, Domaine Universitaire, 33405 Talence BP 101, FRANCE. 391pp. 

29)	New Leaders, Parties, and Groups: Comparative Tendencies in Local Leadership. Edited by Baldersheim, Balme, T.N. Clark, Hoffman-Martinot, and Magnusson. Paris and Bordeaux: CERVEL, April 1989. 443pp

30)	The International Mayor: Cross-National Results from Sample Surveys of Mayors Conducted as Part of the Fiscal Austerity and Urban Innovation Project. A set of descriptive graphics from the FAUI Mayor's surveys in the US, Canada, France, Finland, Norway, Israel, Poland, Australia, and Japan. Version 1.0 March 4, 1991.  46pp. Version 1.1 August 1, 1991, 53pp. Version 2, August 1994, adds results for Argentina, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and a second survey for Poland. Version 3 adds Britain. Version 4, Spring 1999, adds Ireland, S. Korea.

31)	Gabor Peteri, ed., Events and Changes: The First Steps of Local Transition in East-Central Europe. Budapest: Local Democracy and Innovation Project, 1991. 219 pp. These are mainly case studies of transition to democracy in Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia from the Budapest March 1991 conference. All papers are in English.

32)	Luis Roniger and Aysa Gunes-Ayata, eds., Democracy, Clientelism, and Civil Society. Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner. 1994. Papers exploring clientelism around the world, mostly case studies, building on the FAUI-ISA sessions in Madrid.

33)	Country Reports. These are overviews of local government systems in major FAUI countries, prepared for foreigners. They provide enough detail that you should be able to analyze FAUI data for that country with a moderate understanding of some critical country specifics; these are papers on the FAUI FTP site: 
•	Mark J. Gromala, Swedish Local Government: Local Autonomy, Democracy and Corporatism.  Summer 1992.
•	Lincoln Quillian, Local Governments in Comparative Perspective,.  Paper briefly summarizes recent literature in English on local government in three countries: Finland, Japan, and France.  
•	Sylvestre Fontes, Australian Local Governments.
•	Yongsok Choi, Japanese Local Governments: Autonomy and Distinctiveness.
•	Wonho Jang, Japan and New Voting Patterns, August 1993. 
•	Mark Gromala, Australian Local Government:Political Culture, Non-Partisanship, and Federalism, Feb 1994, MG020394.WPA plus appendix on regression, results only in AUS1A.LIS.
•	Jacob Dallal, Local Government in Israel October 1992. ISRAEL3. 
•	On France, Finland, and Norway, see the chapters in Susan Clarke, ed., Urban Innovation and Autonomy (SAGE),  For an update on Scandinavian countries, see book edited by Krister Stahlberg.

34)	Political Cultures of the World: An Urban Cross-National Project in Progress, Terry Nichols Clark, Coordinator, Michael Rempel, University of Chicago, Jurek Bartkowski, Pawel Swianiewicz, University of Warsaw, Draft of July 3, 1994, Prepared for distribution to RC03 Community Research, World Congress of Sociology, Bielefeld, Germany, July 18-23, 1994. PKWORLD.2 which incorporates MR91991.WP; MR102192.WPT. and other files listed at outset, 112pp. 

35)	Richard Balme and Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, eds., Local and Regional Bureaucracies in Western Europe. Bordeaux: Les Cahiers du CERVEL, December 1991. 295 pp. This volume is revised and updated, edited by Carmel Coyle.

36)	Local Administration in the Policy Process - An International Perspective. Volume Editor: Carmel Coyle, University College Dublin;Series Editor: Terry Nichols Clark, University of Chicago;  Research in Urban Policy, Volume 5 1994, JAI PRESS INC., Greenwich, Connecticut and London, England. Contents: Introduction: Carmel Coyle;  Chapter 1: Paraskevy Kaler-Christofilopoulou, Organisational Fragmentation in Greek Local Government: Municipal Bureaucracies and Municipal Enterprises; Chapter 2: Carmel Coyle; Irish Local Administration in the National and European Policy Process; Chapter 3: Richard Parry, Sub-National Bureaucracy in the United Kingdom: The Scottish Office; Chapter 4: Alan Norton; The Role of the British Local Government Chief Executive - A Response to Challenge; Chapter 5: Voitto Helander; Towards a Centralised Municipal Labour Market - and Back?  Local Employees' Unions and the Labour Market in Finland and Scandinavia; Chapter 6: Finn Bruun, How Central are Decentral Personnel Politics? - Growth and Bargaining in Denmark; Chapter 7: P.O. Norell, Communal Administrators: The Swedish Case; Chapter 8: Lynn M. Appleton, Reform Government and Fiscal Austerity Strategies in American Cities; Chapter 9: Lynn M. Appleton and Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, City Workers and Fiscal Cutbacks: Cross-National Comparisons; Chapter 10: Rowan A. Miranda, Explaining the Privatisation Decisions Among Local  Governments in the United States; Chapter 11: Ishtiaq Jamil, Administrative Culture: A Mode of Understanding Public Administration Across Cultures

37)	Urban Innovation: Creative Strategies in Turbulent Times. Edited by Terry Nichols Clark, SAGE Publications, London - Newbury Park - New Delhi 1994; Contents: Editor's introduction, Terry Nichols Clark; Introduction: Turbulence and Innovation in Urban America, Terry Nichols Clark; Part I.  Old Cleavages and New Leaders -2. Race and Class versus the New Political Culture, Terry Nichols Clark; 3. Containing Cleavages: Parties and Other Hierarchies, Rowan Miranda; Part II. Making Fundamental Policy Choices - 4. The Anti-Growth Machine, Terry Nichols Clark and Edward G. Goetz; 5. Growth and Decline of City Government, Rowan Miranda and Norman Walzer; Part III. Coping in Lean Years - 6. Cuts, Cultures, and City Limits in Reagan's New Federalism, Cal Clark and Oliver Walter, with the Assistance of Edgar Bueno, Daniel Crane, Ed Harper, and Ziad Munson; 7. Contracting Out: A Solution with Limits, Rowan Miranda; 8. Innovations That Work: A Menu of Strategies, Terry Nichols Clark; Technical Appendix, Terry Nichols Clark

38)	Nahum Ben-Elia, ed., Strategic Changes and Organizational Reorientations in Local Government: A Cross-National Perspective. London: Macmillan;  New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996. New management styles spread around the world.

39)	Harald Baldersheim et al, eds. Local Democracy and the Processes of Transformation in East-Central Europe,  Boulder, CO: Westview Press, Urban Policy Challenges Series, 1996. The LDI teams completed surveys of citizens in some half dozen towns and of several hundred mayors and council members in Poland, Hungary, and the Czech and Slovak Republics.. A quite wonderful book, seriously written: lots of creative analysis of privatization issues (who supports how much privatization, which is one of the biggest issues of the first decade of democracy), what are the ideal traits of political leaders (trustworthiness and related confidence concerns are foremost for citizens).  Sharp differences among towns and countries: smaller towns far more non-partisan.  Big cities are dominated by parties.  

40)	Spit, Theodorus. 1993. Strangled in Structures: An Institutional Analysis of Innovative Policy by Dutch Municipalities. Utrecht: KNAG. 192pp. Creative analysis of innovations and different types of policies adopted in different kinds of localities.

41)	Politics of Policy Innovation in Chicago, Research in Urban Policy, Vol. 4, Volume Editor, Kenneth K. Wong; Series Editor, Terry Nichols Clark. Greenwich: JAI Press, Inc., 1992. Ten chapters on innovative polices in Chicago--education, housing, health. 

42)	Nathalie Schwab-Christ, Les communes de la Suisse romande face a l’austerite budgetaire: processus decisionnels et strategies adoptees. Neuchatel: Institut de recherches economiques et regionales, University de Neuchatel, 1996. 322pp. Prize-winning study of budgeting strategies by Swiss economist. 

43)	Norman Walzer, ed. 1995. Local Economic Development: Incentives and International Trends. Boulder: Westview Urban Policy Challenges Series. Traditional incentives and post-industrial amenities are contrasted across Europe and the North America.

44)	Yoshiaki Kobayashi, ed. Restructuring National-Local Relations: Federalism and other Options (aprx title; book is in Japanese). Tokyo: Keio University Press, 1998. 340 pp.  The Asian fiscal crisis and years of recession in Japan have brought huge local crises, and sparked a rethinking of how national governments should link to local authorities. This volume draws on the FAUI surveys in Korea, Japan, and the US to assess what happens when local autonomy is higher or lower. What are the consequences for governance and service delivery? ISBN4-7664-0721-0 C3031

45)	Frederick M. Hess, Spinning Wheels: The Politics of Urban School Reform. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1999. 228 pp. Argues that U.S. schools adopt reforms non-stop, which, combined with rapid turnover of top administrators, leads to “spinning wheels” but no real progress, like a bus stuck in the mud. A strong argument against “empty innovations” as symbolic window dressing. Analyzes national patterns among school systems using original survey based on the U.S. PCS (early FAUI) sampling frame. Revised from Ph.D. under Paul Peterson at Harvard. 

46)	Kenneth Davey and Gabor Peteri, Local Government Finances: Options for Reform. Nagykovacsi, Kolozsvar utca 22/a, Hungary: Local Government Know How Program. 254 pp. Gabor Peteri and Pawel Swianiewicz have been active with implementing innovative ideas among local officials in Hungary and Poland. This book summarizes dozens of practical suggestions from transfers to delivering services, from modest to radical.

47)	Mark Baldasarre. When Government Fails: The Orange County Bankruptcy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998. 317pp. Mark Baldasarre leads the FAUI surveys in California, and has repeatedly used many items with local officials and citizens in Orange County over more than a decade. He has shown rises and falls in support for the nationally-controversial policies of growth control (now called “suburban sprawl”), continued and rising support for other “social issues”, but low taxing preferences. In 1996, the Orange County Government declared bankruptcy. Its Treasurer Bob Citron was investing a pool of over $7.6 billion for over 200 local governments in the area, making it the biggest fiscal crisis of the decade in the U.S. The causes, complications and implications are pursued here in depth.

48)	Martin Saiz and Hans Geser, eds. 1999. Local Parties in Political and Organizational Perspective.  Boulder: Westview Urban Policy Challenges Series. The first international comparative volume on local parties around the world. FAUI data used for comparisons and ethnographic detail and national surveys added for country-specific depth. Chapters on Canada, England, Germany, U.S., Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Poland, Russia and three international comparative chapters.

49)	Terry Nichols Clark and Michael Rempel, eds., Citizen Politics in Post-Industrial Societies. Boulder: Westview, 1997.  261 pp. Contents.  Part One. Introduction Part Two. Cultural Shifts and Politics: Is Materialism Rising, Declining, or Both? Implications for Political Activism? Part Three. The "New" Middle Class Politics: What is Special About the Politics of Professionals, and Other"Middle Class" Persons? Part Four. New Issues, Ideologies, and Cleavages: What Mobilizes Citizens?

50)	Terry Nichols Clark and Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot, eds., The New Political Culture. Boulder: Westview, 1998. 298pp. Part One. The New Political Culture: An Analytical Framework Interpreting What Has Changed, Where, and Why. Part Two. Where Has the New Political Culture Emerged, and Why? Part Three. How Hierarchies and Parties Specifically Redirect Politics and Policy Priorities.

Discreet Suggestion:

Might you send a copy of this list to your library, inviting them to order books you check off?